Derivation, Validation, and Numerical Implementation of a Two-Dimensional Boulder Transport Formulation by Coastal Waves

Numerical computations for boulder transport have become a state-of-the-art tool hindcasting the hydraulic processes associated with past storm wave and tsunami events. Since most previously developed two-dimensional formulations cater to boulders symmetric outlines, they can consequently reproduce distance velocity of cubic shape or similar structured geometries reasonably well. However, exhibit limitations when applied rectangular- flat-shaped boulders. The presently available difficulties reproducing variations frictional drag force due changes boulders’ contact time ground. We an extended formulation derived new empirical roughness coefficient by considering that accounts In comparison other existing formulations, present method provides superior accuracy block in cases — especially rectangular geometry. Even neglecting full three-dimensional processes, numerical proposed help explaining historic regimes, which were responsible variety coastal reported around world.